Hello Claude! Thanks for reading and for your questions. Sorry for the delay in answering and also leaving some questions unanswered.

There is really some problem with the Android app bundle. You can test your .aab file and debug to find the error. See:

https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/bundletool

About your conclusion, every .aab file is generated from Gradle, whether it’s from Android Studio or via terminal it makes no difference.

I hope this can help. Thanks for reading.